What are rights in Copyright (and Primary Infringement)?

The owner of copyright in a  photograph has the exclusive right to:

(a) copy the work (the reproduction right)

(b) issue copies to the public (the distribution right)

(c) rent or lend the work to the public (the public rental and lending right)

(d) communicate the work to the public (the right of communication to the public)

Primary copyright infringement is when any of the above rights are carried out or performed by any person other than the owner without a licence granting permission or direct permission from the owner of the copyright in the photograph(s). This can also be in relation to a substantial part of and not just the whole photograph. 

Copyright infringement is a strict liability offence and innocence is no defence.  It is immaterial if the person was unaware that their actions infringed the copyright in the image(s). 

Sources:
Laddie, Prescott and Vitoria, The Modern Law of Copyright (5th Edition, Vol. One. Lexis Nexis, London 2018)
Christina Michalos: The Law of Photography and Digital Images (Sweet & Maxwell, London 2004)